Although it may seem that the population that presents kidney stones is greater, because in each family is observed at least one case, the percentage of those who present kidney stones, both in the United States and worldwide, ranges between 10 and 12%. This may be due to a perception, because just thinking about having them is terrifying, due to the pain.

Kidney stones are solid masses of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys. These stones can vary in size, from small, like grains of sand, to larger, almost boulders. Many of these stones are expelled from the body without causing problems, but others tend to get stuck in the urinary tract, blocking the flow of urine, with intense pain, causing renal colic.

What causes them?

Substances in the urine. High levels of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, or cystine in the urine, which can lead to the formation of crystals that eventually become stones.

Dehydration. Lack of fluid in the body can increase the concentration of these substances in the urine sediment, making it easier for stones to form.

Unbalanced diet. A diet high in sodium, animal protein, and certain foods such as spinach (rich in oxalate) can increase the risk.

Genetic factors and diseases. Some people may have a genetic predisposition to forming kidney stones, and certain medical conditions such as small bowel diseases or urinary tract infections may also increase the risk.

Medications. Some medications, such as diuretics and calcium-containing antacids, may contribute to stone formation.

Symptoms

The pain caused by kidney colic is classified as among the most severe a human being can suffer, similar to that of childbirth, as many specialists and those affected call it. Among the main symptoms of kidney stones are:

Severe pain in the back, side, or abdomen. It may be constant or intermittent and is often described as renal colic.

Blood in the urine. The presence of blood may be visible or detected only through urinalysis.

Nausea and vomiting. These may occur due to severe pain or in response to obstruction of urinary flow.

Urine with a foul odor or cloudy appearance. This indicates a possible infection or irritation in the urinary tract.

Burning when urinating. This may be a symptom of infection or irritation in the urethra.

Treatments

Treatments range from natural ones, such as herbal drinks, to surgical intervention. Technology is increasingly advancing towards minimally invasive techniques to facilitate the fragmentation and elimination of stones, as well as the prevention of their formation.

Hydration. Drinking plenty of water is essential to help expel small stones and prevent the formation of new ones.

Analgesics. Medications such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen may help relieve pain.

Specific medications. They may prescribe medications to help relax the muscles in your urinary tract and make it easier to pass the stones.

Shock wave therapy. Also called lithotripsy, this is used to break large stones into smaller pieces that can be more easily passed in the urine.

Surgery. In cases of large stones or stones that do not respond to other treatments, surgery may be necessary to remove them.

Home Remedies

There are also home remedies that can accompany the relief of pain caused by kidney colic, although they should not replace medical treatment. Among the most common and recommended home remedies to relieve this intense pain are:

Applying heat with warm compresses or baths to the lower back or kidneys, which helps relax the muscles and dilate the urinary tract, facilitating the passage of the stone and reducing pain.

Teas or infusions with medicinal plants with antispasmodic, sedative or diuretic properties, such as mint, chamomile, linden, nettle or corn silk. These natural remedies can help reduce inflammation, spasm, and promote stone passage.

Natural juices such as lemon juice, which contains citric acid, helps break down calcium stones and facilitates their elimination through urine.

Also mentioned are remedies using olive oil for massages into the painful area, Combined with medicinal flowers, which may help relieve discomfort.

Stone Prevention

Drink plenty of fluids, especially water, to stay hydrated and dilute substances that can form stones.

Reduce your intake of sodium, animal protein, and foods rich in oxalate. In this regard, you should consult your doctor about the most appropriate diet.

Control your weight: Obesity can increase the risk of kidney stones.

Treat underlying medical conditions: If you have any conditions that may increase your risk of stones, it's important to manage them properly.