The presence of blood in the urine, known as haematuria, presents as the main symptom of bladder cancer. Sometimes, it can be confused with other urinary problems. The Spanish Association of Urology (AEU) emphasizes the importance of not ignoring these signs.

The AEU warns that, although hematuria is not directly related to cancer, it should always be evaluated by a specialist to rule out co implications, review EFE Health. Early detection significantly improves the prognosis and can make less invasive treatments possible.

Identifiable risk factors

Smoking is identified as the major risk factor in the development of bladder cancer, increasing the risk up to three-fold in smokers.

Other factors that contribute to risk include occupational exposure to industrial substances and parasitic conditions. Recent studies also suggest a possible relationship with human papillomavirus (HPV).

Other symptoms to take into account

Additional symptoms of bladder cancer, beyond hematuria (blood in urine), include signs that may indicate disease advancement and should be closely monitored.

Common urinary symptoms. These are part of irritant micturition syndrome and usually appear in deeper tumors: pain or burning when urinating, increased l Urinary frequency, urgency to urinate even with an empty bladder, difficulty in initiating urination or weak stream, and getting up frequently at night.

Advancement symptoms. In more advanced stages or with dissemination, emerge: inability to urinate, lower lumbar pain (unilateral), pain or abdominal or pelvic, bone pain, involuntary loss of appetite and weight, swelling in feet or legs, extreme fatigue and weakness.

Key recommendation. These signs are not exclusive to bladder cancer and may be due to infections or other causes, but their persistence justifies immediate medical consultation to rule out complications.

Screening Exams

To determine the cause of hematuria (presence of blood in the urine), the doctor usually combines clinical history, physical examination and a series of complementary examinations.

Basic laboratory exams

imaging tests

Invasive directed procedures

Complementary tests as suspected

In practice, the doctor selects these tests according to the type of hematuria (macroscopic or microscopic), age, sex, associated symptoms and l The initial urine and blood results. If you want, you can indicate your age and symptoms and I'll explain what tests would be more likely in your case.

Progress in treatments

Recently, the impact of immunotherapy and conjugated antibodies on the treatment of this cancer has been highlighted, improving patients' expectations.

The monitoring details the use of circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA) and new therapeutic targets, which augurates a more personalized and effective future in oncological treatments, according to SEOM.

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