Heartburn is, for many, an occasional discomfort; however, for some it can cause serious health problems. About 10% of people with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) develop Barrett's esophagus, a precursor to cancer. In this regard, some studies have shown that between 3% and 13% of people with Barrett's esophagus will eventually develop cancer, although most will not, Dr. Daryl Gioffre, a Florida-based gut health specialist and registered dietitian, told Fox News Digital. “Your stomach is designed to handle acid. Your esophagus is not,” he cautions. “With reflux, the danger isn't the burning in your chest or throat—the real danger is the constant backflow of acid traveling in the wrong direction.” The Danger of Acid Reflux The lower esophageal sphincter, described as the “acid gate,” prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus. When this sphincter weakens, acid can cause severe damage to the esophageal tissue, leading to chronic inflammation. Repeated exposure to acid can lead to cellular changes, a phenomenon known as metaplasia, which increases the risk of esophageal cancer. Risk factors, especially in men: Men are often at higher risk of developing this type of condition due to factors such as a higher demand for magnesium, dietary habits, and a tendency to ignore symptoms. “Eating within three hours of going to bed almost guarantees that the stomach won’t empty, and that’s one of the main causes of nighttime reflux,” explains Gioffre. Warning signs: An increase in the frequency and intensity of symptoms, such as difficulty swallowing, may indicate that reflux has progressed to a chronic state, requiring immediate medical attention to avoid serious and potentially life-threatening damage.

“If that burning sensation becomes more frequent or more intense, or starts occurring even when you haven't eaten, your body is waving a huge warning flag,” the specialist told Fox in an interview.

“Ulcers in the throat, or even in the mouth, are another sign that the acid is causing real damage,” he warns.

Self-diagnosis at home

A self-diagnosis of acid reflux at home is based primarily on identifying common symptoms, as there are no precise medical tests that can be performed without professional equipment. It is not a substitute for a medical consultation, but it can help you recognize warning signs such as chest burning.

Key symptoms. Observe whether you experience chest or throat burning after eating, acid regurgitation, a bitter taste in your mouth, or difficulty swallowing, especially when lying down or after large meals.

These symptoms usually worsen with spicy, fatty, or caffeinated foods, and improve when you elevate your head during sleep.

Simple home test. Drink a glass of water with half a teaspoon of baking soda on an empty stomach; if you don't burp within 5 minutes, it could indicate low stomach acid, but this doesn't confirm reflux and is only indicative. Record your symptoms for a week, noting meals and positions to detect patterns.

When to see a doctor. If symptoms persist more than twice a week, include weight loss, vomiting, or severe pain, seek professional care for tests such as esophageal pH monitoring. Avoid long-term self-medication to prevent complications.

Lifestyle changes

Maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding large meals help prevent acid reflux by reducing pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter.

Avoiding common triggers and adjusting eating habits also minimizes symptoms.

Eating habits. Eat smaller, more frequent meals instead of large ones to avoid bloating. Don't eat 2-3 hours before bedtime and avoid fatty, spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol, chocolate, or citrus fruits.

Physical activity. Get regular moderate exercise to maintain a healthy weight, but avoid routines that put heavy pressure on your abdomen. Stay upright after eating to take advantage of gravity.

Other adjustments. Quit smoking, elevate the head of your bed, and avoid tight clothing around your abdomen. Stay hydrated with water between meals, not during them.

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