Migraine is a disorder that affects 14% of the world's population. One in seven people in the world suffers from it, and although it is not a serious disease, it is the leading cause of disability among adults under 50 years of age. It is such a significant condition that September 12th is World Migraine Day.

Although the exact cause of migraines is unknown, it is suggested that people with migraines have a reactive brain. Their neurons are hyperactive, causing changes in the blood vessels that generate pain.

According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), migraines are more common in women, who often experience symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Identifying Triggers

Many factors can trigger migraine attacks. These include alcohol, tobacco, hormonal cycles, strong odors, weather changes, lack of sleep, physical exercise, and stress, as well as certain foods such as chocolate and dairy products.

They can also be triggered by the consumption of peanuts; sweeteners such as sucrose; Substances such as tyramine, found in wine, aged cheese, dark chocolate, and smoked fish; nitrates found in meats like bacon and salami; and monosodium glutamate (MSG), an additive found in Chinese food and some salty snacks, among others.

Migraine Control

Julio Maset, a doctor with the Spanish pharmaceutical group Cinfa, interviewed by the EFE news agency, gives us nine tips to help you control migraine attacks:

Regular medical consultations. It is essential to see a doctor to adjust treatments according to the frequency and intensity of the attacks.

Recognize triggers. Keeping a record of episodes will help identify patterns. Note whether you were exposed to any loud noises, lights, or intense odors before the attack, or if you ate a certain food.

Make a headache calendar, noting the dates of the headaches, the intensity of the pain, and the medications used.among others. This will be useful for your doctor, as it can help them make a correct diagnosis and provide treatment.

Diet adherence. Eat a balanced diet and avoid specific foods that trigger migraines. Try not to eat chocolate, dairy products, or alcohol.

Sleep hygiene. Maintaining a regular sleep schedule helps reduce the number of attacks. Sleep 7 or 8 hours a day. On weekends, don't sleep too much or too little.

Stress management. Incorporate physical activities and relaxation techniques such as yoga or meditation. Playing sports will help.

A calm environment during the attack. Spending time in a dark, quiet place can mitigate the pain.

Relaxed breathing. Focusing on your breathing can help relieve discomfort during an episode.

Medical monitoring of medications. It is crucial to follow your doctor's instructions to avoid rebound effects. Taking too much medication can be counterproductive.