Violence against women constitutes one of the most widespread and persistent human rights violations in the contemporary world. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly 736 million women (one in three) experience physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner or sexual assault by others, an alarming figure that has remained stable over the past decade. This problem transcends geographical boundaries, cultures, socioeconomic levels, and age groups, manifesting itself as a structural phenomenon that reflects the deeply rooted gender inequalities in our societies. The impact of this violence on women's health is devastating and multidimensional, generating consequences that go far beyond immediate physical injuries. In 2023, an estimated 51,100 women and girls were killed by their partners or other family members worldwide, representing approximately 140 women murdered every day. However, mortality figures only reveal the tip of the iceberg of a problem that affects the comprehensive health of millions of women through physical, psychological, and social trauma that can last for decades. Less than 40% of women who experience violence seek any form of help, underscoring the urgent need to address the barriers that impede access to protection and care services.

Impact on Physical Health

Violence can cause visible injuries such as bruises, fractures, burns, and internal damage that is difficult to detect. Beyond direct injuries, abused women have a higher incidence of chronic diseases such as chronic pain, gastrointestinal problems, migraines, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and respiratory problems.

In addition, they are more likely to develop neoplasia (cancers) and may delay the early detection of serious diseases such as cancer. Sexual and reproductive health is also seriously affected, with increased risks of unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (including HIV), menstrual disorders, chronic pelvic pain, and pregnancy complications that affect both mother and baby.

Impact on mental health

The psychological after-effects of violence are the most persistent and devastating. Psychological violence, in particular, is subtle but highly destructive, generating disorders such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, low self-esteem, and cognitive problems.

Trauma can affect brain areas related to memory and emotional processing, exacerbating mental disorders. In addition, many women engage in risky behaviors such as alcohol or drug use, and may develop eating disorders.

Social and Family Consequences

A comprehensive understanding of these impacts is essential for developing prevention strategies, early detection, and specialized care that address both the immediate needs and long-term consequences for women's health and well-being.

Violence not only harms women, but also their children, family members, and social environment, affecting family dynamics and quality of life. Exposure to violence can also have a psychological impact on children who are witnesses or indirect victims of these acts.